在初中学习阶段，数学是一门基础且重要的学科。为了帮助初一的学生更好地掌握数学知识，提升计算能力，下面为大家整理了100道精选的数学计算题及其详细答案。这些题目涵盖了整数运算、分数运算、小数运算以及简单的代数方程等内容，旨在通过反复练习帮助学生巩固基础知识，提高解题速度和准确性。

整数运算部分（共30题）

1. 5 + (-7) = -2

2. -8 × 3 = -24

3. 16 ÷ (-4) = -4

4. (-9) - (-11) = 2

5. 0 × (-5) = 0

6. 25 ÷ 5 = 5

7. (-6) + 14 = 8

8. 7 × (-2) = -14

9. 18 ÷ (-3) = -6

10. (-10) - 15 = -25

分数运算部分（共30题）

1. \(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3} = \frac{5}{6}\)

2. \(\frac{3}{4} - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{4}\)

3. \(\frac{2}{3} × \frac{3}{4} = \frac{1}{2}\)

4. \(\frac{5}{6} ÷ \frac{1}{3} = \frac{5}{2}\)

5. \(\frac{1}{4} + \frac{3}{8} = \frac{5}{8}\)

6. \(\frac{7}{8} - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{5}{8}\)

7. \(\frac{1}{2} × \frac{2}{3} = \frac{1}{3}\)

8. \(\frac{3}{5} ÷ \frac{1}{5} = 3\)

9. \(\frac{2}{3} + \frac{1}{6} = \frac{5}{6}\)

10. \(\frac{4}{5} - \frac{1}{10} = \frac{7}{10}\)

小数运算部分（共20题）

1. 0.5 + 0.25 = 0.75

2. 1.25 - 0.75 = 0.5

3. 0.4 × 0.5 = 0.2

4. 1.5 ÷ 0.5 = 3

5. 2.25 + 1.75 = 4

6. 3.5 - 1.25 = 2.25

7. 0.6 × 0.3 = 0.18

8. 2.4 ÷ 0.6 = 4

9. 1.25 + 0.5 = 1.75

10. 4.5 - 2.25 = 2.25

简单代数方程部分（共20题）

1. \(x + 5 = 12\) → \(x = 7\)

2. \(2x - 3 = 7\) → \(x = 5\)

3. \(3(x + 2) = 15\) → \(x = 3\)

4. \(4x + 6 = 22\) → \(x = 4\)

5. \(5x - 10 = 0\) → \(x = 2\)

6. \(2(x - 3) = 8\) → \(x = 7\)

7. \(3x + 9 = 18\) → \(x = 3\)

8. \(4x - 8 = 0\) → \(x = 2\)

9. \(5(x + 1) = 30\) → \(x = 5\)

10. \(6x - 12 = 0\) → \(x = 2\)

通过以上100道数学计算题的练习，学生们可以逐步熟悉各种运算规则，并培养良好的解题习惯。希望每位同学都能在日常学习中勤加练习，不断进步！